C++ Introduction
The C++ programming language provides a model of memory and computation that closely matches that of most computers. In addition, it provides powerful and flexible mechanisms for abstraction; that is, language constructs that allow the programmer to introduce and use new types of objects that match the concepts of an application. Thus, C++ supports styles of programming that rely on fairly direct manipulation of hardware resources to deliver a high degree of efficiency plus higher-level styles of programming that rely on user-defined types to provide a model of data and computation that is closer to a human’s view of the task being performed by a computer. These higher-level styles of programming are often called data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming.
C++ History
In the early 1980’s, also at Bell Laboratories, another programming language was created which was based upon the C language.This new language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup and was called C++. According to Stroustrup, the purpose of C++ is to make writing good programs easier and more pleasant for the individual programmer.When he designed C++, he added OOP (Object Oriented Programming) features to C without significantly changing the C component. Thus C++ is a “relative” of C, meaning that any valid C program is also a valid C++ program.
C++ Features
1)Class
User-defined types
2)Operator overloading
Attach different meaning to expressions such as a + b
3)References
Pass-by-reference function arguments
4)Virtual Functions
Dispatched depending on type at run time
5)Templates
Macro-like polymorphism for containers (e.g., arrays)
6)Exceptions
C++ Structure
1)Introduction
2)Memory alignment
3)Bit Fields
4)Using structure in Assembly