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Home › Environmental Studies › Waste Management & Sustainability

Waste Management & Sustainability — Environmental Studies Questions & Practice

Practise 14 Waste Management & Sustainability questions from Environmental Studies for competitive exams such as UPSC, Banking, SSC and Railway. Read the worked questions below, check every answer with an explanation, and track what you get wrong.

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Practice questions on Waste Management & Sustainability — with answers

Try each question first, then open the answer. Explanations are included.

1. The widely promoted waste management principle known as the '3 R's' stands for:

  1. AReduce, Reuse, Recycle
  2. BRepair, Replace, Renew
  3. CReturn, Refill, Repurpose
  4. DRecover, Restore, Repair
Show answer

Answer: A

The '3 R's' — Reduce, Reuse, Recycle — is a foundational waste management hierarchy aimed at minimizing waste generation and environmental impact.

2. The biological process of converting organic waste, such as kitchen and garden refuse, into nutrient-rich manure through natural decomposition, is called:

  1. AIncineration
  2. BComposting
  3. CLandfilling
  4. DBioremediation
Show answer

Answer: B

Composting is the natural, aerobic decomposition of organic waste into nutrient-rich compost that can enrich soil and support plant growth.

3. Composting that specifically uses earthworms to accelerate the decomposition of organic waste into fertilizer is known as:

  1. ABioremediation
  2. BVermicomposting
  3. CBioaugmentation
  4. DLandfilling
Show answer

Answer: B

Vermicomposting uses earthworms to break down organic waste efficiently, producing a nutrient-rich fertilizer known as vermicompost.

4. A designated site used for the controlled disposal of solid waste by burial, one of the most common traditional waste disposal methods, is called a:

  1. ACompost pit
  2. BLandfill
  3. CWetland
  4. DBiosphere reserve
Show answer

Answer: B

A landfill is a designated site where solid waste is buried under layers of soil, one of the oldest and most widespread methods of waste disposal.

5. India's Swachh Bharat Mission, a nationwide campaign focused on sanitation and cleanliness, was launched in which year?

  1. A2010
  2. B2014
  3. C2016
  4. D2019
Show answer

Answer: B

The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched by the Government of India in 2014, aiming to achieve universal sanitation coverage and eliminate open defecation.

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