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Evolution — Biology Questions & Practice

Practise 10 Evolution questions from Biology for competitive exams such as UPSC, Banking, SSC and Railway. Read the worked questions below, check every answer with an explanation, and track what you get wrong.

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Practice questions on Evolution — with answers

Try each question first, then open the answer. Explanations are included.

1. Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, published in 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859?

  1. AAlfred Russel Wallace alone
  2. BGregor Mendel
  3. CJean-Baptiste Lamarck
  4. DCharles Darwin
Show answer

Answer: D

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in his 1859 book 'On the Origin of Species'.

2. Which naturalist independently developed a theory of evolution by natural selection around the same time as Darwin?

  1. AJean-Baptiste Lamarck
  2. BThomas Huxley
  3. CAlfred Russel Wallace
  4. DErnst Haeckel
Show answer

Answer: C

Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived a theory of evolution by natural selection, prompting Darwin to publish his own work.

3. What term describes Darwin's concept that individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?

  1. ANatural selection
  2. BSexual selection
  3. CGenetic drift
  4. DArtificial selection
Show answer

Answer: A

Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully, passing on those traits.

4. What term describes the process by which humans breed plants and animals for desired traits?

  1. ANatural selection
  2. BArtificial selection
  3. CSpeciation
  4. DGenetic drift
Show answer

Answer: B

Artificial selection is the intentional breeding of organisms by humans to promote desired traits, as seen in domesticated crops and animals.

5. What term describes the formation of new and distinct species during evolution?

  1. AMutation
  2. BAdaptation
  3. CExtinction
  4. DSpeciation
Show answer

Answer: D

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species, often due to geographic or reproductive isolation.

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